The Right way of Thawing Vaccines and Storing Diluent - 550 Words

Immunization: The Right way of Thawing Vaccines and Storing Diluent (Research Paper Sample) Content: Immunization Student Name Institution Immunization Thawing a frozen vaccine by putting it in a cup of hot water is not acceptable. Most vaccines have poor thermo stability and the rapid thawing from the hot water lowers their potency. Thermal shock may also occur reducing the potency of the vaccine. The thawing process should be slow and carried out in a controlled manner where temperatures readings are taken (Turner, Laws, Roberts, 2011). Since the temperatures are not controlled in this thawing process, the nurse runs a risk of administering a hot solution in the vein of the child. This irritating solution may end up causing inflammation of the vein with a possibility of clot formation due to trauma. If the DPT vaccine was in the deep freezer, it should be returned to the freezer where temperatures are within the recommended range. However before doing so, the nurse should check the vaccine vial monitor to check whether the vaccine has been kept in temperatures which preserve its potency. The nurse should also check for the expiry date of the vaccine. Those vaccines that have expired should be discarded rather than proceed with thawing them. Those vaccines that are freeze sensitive (TT, Td, DTP, DT, HepB, DTP-HepB + Hib and liquid Hib vaccines) should undergo a shake test to check their validity (Turner et al., 2011). Those that a frozen solid should be promptly discarded. All these observations ensure that the thawed vaccine will still be potent when administered to the child. The DTP vaccine should be discarded immediately since initially it had been frozen solid. It is recommended that any vaccine that is homogenous or has been frozen solid should be discarded immediately since its potency has been greatly lowered. Any methods used to liquefy the already-frozen will not raise its potency (Turner et al., 2011). Administration of such a vaccine is associated with an increased incidence of local reactions or a reduced immune response. The children who have received the spoilt DPT vaccine should come for another dose no earlier than four weeks from the initial invalid dose. Before the next dose, they should be closely monitored for any signs of an adverse reaction and be treated accordingly. The diluents from the window ledge should not be used to reconstitute the measles vaccines for some reasons. The first reason being thermal shock may ensue since the diluent had become warm after exposure to light over a long period. A combination of the warm diluent and a live attenuated vaccine such as measles is a perfect combination for causing thermal shock. The diluent should be at the same temperature with the vaccine (+2 Deg C to +8 Deg C) (Kartoglu Milstien, 2014). Thermal shock refers to the death of some or all of the essential live organisms contained in the in the vaccine. Ideally, diluents should be cooled for at least 24 hours before they are used to ensure they are at the appropriate temperature. Secondly, the measles vaccine should be reconstituted with the appropriate diluent that came along with it. By placing the diluents on the window ledge, they get mixed up. This paves the way for the risk of incorrect reconstitution of the vaccine. Major adverse reactions, in cl...

Racial Segregation and Prejudice in Brownies - 938 Words

â€Å"Brownies† is a short story written by author, ZZ Packer, which takes place at Camp Crescendo, a summer camp near the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia. The story surrounds a group of African American Brownie girls, in the fourth grade, who journey to this campsite for a camping experience. On the trip, they encounter another brownie group comprised of white girls, all of who are mentally handicapped. â€Å"Brownies† is told from a first person involved point of view, through a fellow Brownie member from the African American troop, named Laurel. Because the story takes place in the 1960’s, ZZ Packer explores issues that are prevalent in that time period, such as racial segregation, prejudice and ignorance. Racism is defined as the â€Å"systematic†¦show more content†¦The Anti-Defamation League wrote in an article, â€Å"Blacks and others are seen by racists as merely subhuman, more like beasts than men.† The prejudice dilemma is exasperated by the distinctive treatment black people receive from the world, hence shaping young black people’s views on whites and intensifying their own sense of inferiority. Racial discrimination is still a cause of suffering endured by many, Packer shows how we all, as human beings, are in fact somehow in our own way deprived and unfortunate. The ironic twist of the plot, where a group of black girl encountering another group of white girls who happened to be mentally-challenged, puts on table the unfairness and injustice experienced by the world. The irony lies in that the blacks are now portrayed as superior than whites here because of their mentally challenged conditions. Hatred is the major underlying cause for continued racism and prejudice, which leads to violence and retaliation. â€Å"Even though I didn’t fight to fight, was afraid of fight, I felt I was part of the rest of the troop; like I was defending something.† This statement makes clear the power society has upon influencing the younger generations, showing how a community comes together to fight for a cause that they think just. Because it is a society, everything is connected in one way or another, causing prejudice and racism to be impossible to eliminate. â€Å"It was the only time he’d have a white man on his knees doing somethingShow MoreRelatedRacial Segregation and Prejudice in ZZ Packers Brownies1093 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, â€Å"Brownies† is written by author, ZZ Packer. It surrounds a group of African American Brownie girls in the fourth grade who journey to a campsite situated near the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia, called Camp Crescend o. On the trip, they encounter another brownie group comprised of white girls, all of who are mentally handicapped. â€Å"Brownies† is told from a first person involved point of view, through a Brownie member from the African American troop, named Laurel. Because the story takesRead MoreBrownies by ZZ Packer Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe writer ZZ Packer’s short story, â€Å"Brownies,† is about a troop of African-American Girl Scouts from south Atlanta that takes a camping trip; unfortunately, almost instantly, imaginary tensions build up between them and Troop 909, a group of white girls; struggle that later in this story develops as the main external conflict. Arnetta and Octavia, appear as the leaders of the group, and insist that the 909 girls called one of their group a derogatory word which is the starting point of the conflictRead MoreChildren Are Interesting Little Humans1149 Words   |  5 PagesChildren are interesting little humans. The prejudi ces and malice of society are hindered by the infant innocence, to such extent, that children do not comprehend what they say. Philosophy describes children as tabula rasa, meaning their minds are like blank slates. However, being blank slates can be a nuisance because children learn anything, despite the morality of what they are taught. The author, uses the characters from the story to portray the development of children’s mind and innocence. TheRead MoreBrownies, by ZZ Packer Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Brownies,† author ZZ Packer uses the narrator, Laurel, to explore the tensions that exist between belonging to a community and maintaining individuality. While away at camp with her brownie troop, she finds herself torn between achieving group inclusion and sustaining her own individualism. Although the events of the short story occur at Camp Crescendo, Packer is able to expand (and parallel) this struggle for identity beyond the campâ₠¬â„¢s walls and into the racially segregated societyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Eyes Of A Naive Young Girl By Zz Packer1915 Words   |  8 PagesStrawberry-Vanilla Chihuahuas It’s hard to live in the United States and be oblivious to the extreme segregation of races that has consumed their nation for decades. Not even a Brownie troop of ten year-old girls can remain unaffected. These stereotypes have left a lasting impact on even current generations, altering their perception of how they see themselves and others. Told through the eyes of a naà ¯ve young girl, â€Å"Brownies† is a contemporary short story by ZZ Packer about the harsh realities of the world, the

How Does Caffeine Affect Our Body - 1040 Words

How does caffeine affect our body? Caffeine is the most common thing in those kinds of beverages, such as Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, coffee, etc. Drink too much will affect our body. It will cheer you up, but somehow still will destroy your body. Addicted to caffeine may cause blood glucose, Insulin Resistance and Muscle, Skeletal disease. Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound, but also a central nervous system stimulant, and can be very beneficial to human health if ingested, appropriately. However, if excessive intake of caffeine, not only would not play its fundamental role, but will cause health problem, also affect our teeth and bone. If one-time excessive intake of caffeine, it is likely to occur caffeine intoxication†¦show more content†¦If the one-time continuous drinking 2-3 cups of coffee, it would lead to central nervous system hyper-excitability. O Keefe, James H., et al. analyzes â€Å"Coffee, after water, is the most widely consumed beverage in the United States, and is the principal source of caffeine intake among adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A daily intake of ∠¼2 to 3 cups of coffee appears to be safe and is associated with neutral to beneficial effects for most of the studied health outcomes. However, most of the data on coffee’s health effects are based on observational data, with very few randomized, controlled studies, and association does not prove causation. Additionally, the possible advantages of regular coffee consumption have to be weighed against potential risks (which are mostly related to its high caffeine content) including anxiety, insomnia, tremulousness, and palpitations, as well as bone loss and possibly increased risk of fractures. (p.1043-1051)† Soft beverages is the most favorite drink for young children. Addition to caffeine will affect more on their young body. That the regular caffeine use by children and adolescents may have an impact on their physical and mental health. Many scientist also stress the robust psychostimulant properties of caffeine, its potential for addiction and excessive use, and the increased presence and marketing of caffeinated products. Health Canada recommends that children aged ten to twelve daily intake of caffeine do not over

Appraisal Reflection The Recruitment Process

Question: Discuss about theAppraisal Reflectionfor the Recruitment Process. Answer: Introduction The recruitment process is always a vital process for an organization. Companies use the moment to search for the best talent in the labor market to join their firms. As part of the interviewing process, employers will need to see the skills a person has through various tests i.e. a typing test for secretaries. The purpose of this essay is to develop an appraisal reflection (Denda, 2015, p. 299). Communication skills are necessary to any profession. To improve my communication skills I decided to listen more and develop empathy. It was particularly important to start listening more than talking. Listening made me get little details in the conservation that show the message in the conservation. Empathy helped me to view different aspects of life from the point of view of my peers. When I combined good listening strategy and empathy strategy I realized that I was improving my communication skills throughout the semester (Elliot and Scallan, 2016, p. 139). Developing good communication skills gave me a lot of confidence. The skills made me a confident go-getter who could undergo interviews without any fear and sweating. Before the start of the semester, I feared interviews and view them to be very intimidating. Good communication skills will be very beneficial to my future profession. As a person with a preference for leadership. I will be able to influence employees to strive towards the achievement of a set organizational objective. The skills will be beneficial in passing interviews and creating a good image for me in the corporate world. As a student, I have never taken the need to develop skills such as decision-making, communication, and teamwork seriously. Having limited knowledge concerning the labor market requirements has been a bump in developing my professional career. Building a career portfolio is challenging and being a student I loved to procrastinate. Procrastination is the main barrier to developing a good professional portfolio. The college provides the necessary resources and the environment to sharpen these skills. During the semester I decide to take the issue seriously and try to develop the crucial skills that will give me an added advantage from other candidates in an interview process (Jones, Lavallee and Tod, 2011, p. 37). Personal insight and review are critical to establishing a career portfolio. My teammates and I have been trying to achieve the best out of our team to no luck. The team is stable with dedicated members but no teamwork skills. The skills needed in teamwork are what makes the team successful. According to Tuckmans teamwork theory, for a team to be successful it takes some time to and there should be no room for individual success in a team (Seck and Helton, 2014, p. 161). Knowledge of the theory helped the team from the middle of the semester to be more cohesive and develop a combined effort in tackling issues and assignments. The theory brought a lot of insight to the team members and helped us develop the skills needed for teams to be successful in addition to decision-making skills. Conclusion In conclusion, a graduate needs to develop a set of skills apart from the academic qualification to be able to survive in the job market. Set of skills such as decision making and communication skills give a candidate an added advantage during interviews. Reference Denda, K 2015, 'Developing Interview Skills and Visual Literacy: A New Model of Engagement for Academic Libraries', portal: Libraries the Academy, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 299-314. Elliott, R, Scallan, S 2016, 'Developing communication skills with GP trainees: the REAM approach', Education for Primary Care, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 138-143 Jones, MI, Lavallee, D, Tod, D 2011, 'Developing Communication and Organization Skills: The ELITE Life Skills Reflective Practice Intervention', Sport Psychologist, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 35-52 Seck, MM, Helton, L 2014, 'Faculty Development of a Joint MSW Program Utilizing Tuckman's Model of Stages of Group Development', Social Work with Groups, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 158-168.